Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine social studies textbooks to investigate the use of poetry in the social studies textbooks in Turkey. This paper also examines whose poets have been represented in the textbooks. The authors applied content analysis to evaluate social studies textbooks. Content analysis is a research method that uses a set of procedures to make valid inferences from text. It is also described as a method of analyzing written, verbal or visual communication messages. Content analysis allows the researcher to test theoretical issues to enhance understanding of the data. The results showed that very few poems were used in the social studies textbooks. The finding of the study revealed that poems in the 4th grade textbooks relate to topics that were interest to students the nature and humanism. Poem about Şavşat, described the beauty of Turkish homeland in the four seasons. Vetch Field poem in the 5th grade social studies textbook, described a bride who has to work in the field. This poem seems to be written for girls since the language indicates ‘girls’ several times. It emphasizes how hard to be a bride in the vetch field. Remaining poems were used to promote students’ patriotic values. These poems emphasizes flag, homeland, heroism etc.
References
Apple, M. W. (2004). Ideology and curriculum. New York: Routledge.
Arp, T. (1997). Perrine‘s Sound and Sense: An Introduction to Poetry. Fort Worth, TX: Hardcourt Brace College Publishers.
Banks, J.A., & Banks, C.A.M. (1999). Teaching strategies for the social studies: Decision-making and citizen action (5th ed.). New York: Longman.
Barr, H. (1997). Defining social studies. Teachers and Curriculum, 1, 6-12.
Chism, N.V.N. & Banta, T.W. (2007). Enhancing institutional assessment efforts through qualitative methods. New Directions for Institutional Research, 136, 15-28.
Ciardiello, A. V. (2010). Talking walls: Presenting
a case for social justice poetry in literacy education. The Reading Teacher, 63(6), 464-473.
Cole F.L. (1988) Content analysis: process and application. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 2(1), 53–57.
Crocco, M. S. (2004). Dealing with the difference in the social studies: A historical perspective. International Journal of Social Education, 18(2), 106-120.
Donaldson, D. P. (2001) Teaching Geography's four traditions with Poetry. Journal of Geography, 100(1), 24-31.
Dunlop, R. (2007). Human music: A case for teaching poetry in dark times. In L. Bresler (Ed.), International Handbook of research in arts education (pp. 1253- 1270), Dordrecht. Netherlands: Springer.
Elo, S., & Kyngas, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115.
Galt, M. F. (1992). The story in history: Writing your way into the American experience. New York: Teachers & Writer’s Collaborative.
Glesne, C. (1999). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction. New York: Longman.
Gözütok, F. D. (2008). Curriculum development in Turkey. In W. F. Pinar (Ed.) International handbook of curriculum research (pp. 607-622). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Greene, M. (1988). The dialectic of freedom. New York: Teachers College Press.
Jensen, T. (1996). Ways of experiencing poetry and acquiring poetic knowledge in the secondary school. In L. Thompson (Ed.), The teaching of poetry: European perspectives (pp. 30–36). London: Cassell.
Kilinc, E. (2012). Conceptual Learning in Social Studies Classroom: An Analysis of Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) Social Studies Questions with and without Concept (Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University).
Krippendorff, K. (2004). Reliability in content analysis. Human Communication Research, 30(3), 411–433.
Lee, C.D. (2008). Revisiting playing in the dark: The hidden games of racialization in literacy studies and school reform. In S. Greene (Ed.), Literacy as a civil right: Reclaiming social justice in literacy teaching and learning (pp. 151–168). New York: Peter Lang.
Lishan, S. D. & Hermsen, T. (2007). Later ‘in the early world’: The changing role of poetry and creative writing in the K-12 classroom. In L. Bresler (Ed.), International Handbook of research in arts education (pp. 623-638), Dordrecht. Netherlands: Springer.
Mauch, J., & Tarman, B. (2016). A historical approach to social studies laboratory method. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 1(2), 55-66.
Perfect, K. (1999). Rhyme and reason: Poetry for the heart and head. Reading Teacher, 52(7), 728-737.
Pinar, W. F. (1999). Contemporary curriculum discourses: Twenty years of JCT. New York: Peter Lang.
Pinsky, R. (2007). Gulf music. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
Richardson, E. (1964). In the early world. New York: Random House.
Roberts, P. (2008). Contemporary curriculum research in New Zeland. In W. F. Pinar (Ed.) International handbook of curriculum research (pp. 495-516). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Ross, E. W. (2006). The struggle for the social studies curriculum. In E. Wayne Ross (Ed.), The social studies curriculum: Purposes, problems, and possibilities (pp. 17-36), New York, NY: State University of New York Press.
Singer, A. (2005). Strange bedfellows: The contradictory goals of the coalition making war on social studies. Social Studies, 96(5), 199-205.
Slattery, P. (2008). Hermeneutics, Subjectivity, and Aesthetics: Internationalizing the Interpretive Process in U.S. Curriculum Research. In W. F. Pinar (Ed.) International handbook of curriculum research (pp. 651-665). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Stovall, D. (2006). Urban Poetics: Poetry, Social Justice and Critical Pedagogy in Education. The Urban Review, 38(1), 63-80.
Tarman, B., & Dev, S. (2018). Editorial: Learning Transformation through Innovation and Sustainability in Educational Practices. Research In Social Sciences And Technology, 3(1), i-ii. Retrieved from http://ressat.org/index.php/ressat/article/view/363
Tarman, B. (2017). Editorial: The Future of Social Sciences. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 2(2). Retrieved from http://ressat.org/index.php/ressat/article/view/329
Tarman, B. & Gürel, D. (2017). Awareness of Social Studies Teacher Candidates on Refugees in Turkey, Journal of Social Studies Research, DOI: 10.1016/j.jssr.2016.11.001
Tarman, B. (2016). Innovation and education. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 1(1), 77-97.
Tarman, B. (2011). Development of Social Studies Curriculum in Turkey and John Dewey’s Effect on the Modernization of Turkish Education, International Journal of Progressive Education, (IJPE). February, 7 (1). 45-61.
Tarman, B., Ayas, C. (2011). Comparing Issues Surrounding Turkish and Japanese Textbooks, International Journal of Historical Learning Teaching and Research, Vol (10).1, 67-76 (Sping/Summer 2011).
Tarman, B. & Acun, I. (2010). Social Studies Education and a New Social Studies Movement, Journal of Social Studies Education Research. 1(1), 1-16.
Threlfall, S. J. (2013). Poetry in action [research]. An innovative means to a reflective learner in higher education (HE). Reflective Practice: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 14(3), 360-367.
Wallace-Jones, J. (1991). Cognitive response to poetry in 11 to 16 year olds. Educational Review, 43, 25–38.
Weber, R. P. (1990). Basic content analysis. London: Sage.
Yiğit, M , Tarman, B . (2013). Degerler Eğitimimin ilköğretim 4. Ve 5. Sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler Ders Kitaplarindaki Yeri ve Önemi (The Place and Importance of Values Education in 4.th and 5th. Grade Primary School Social Studies Textbooks). Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 4 (2), 79-102. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/jsser/issue/19101/202712
Yin, R. (2009). How to do better case studies. In Bickman, L. and Rog, D.J. (Eds), The SAGE Handbook of Applied Social Research Methods (pp 254-282). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc.